智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)必不可少的(de)“神經(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)樞”，主要(yao)行(xing)(xing)使控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、反饋信(xin)(xin)息(xi)等功能(neng)(neng)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)作為(wei)電子設備、裝置、儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)及系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元，在整個智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)于核(he)心位置，扮演著“神經(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)樞”的(de)關鍵角色。其(qi)主要(yao)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、執行(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、過程對(dui)象、檢(jian)測器(qi)(qi)(qi)等部(bu)分組成(cheng)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，檢(jian)測器(qi)(qi)(qi)負責接收處(chu)理輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)轉化(hua)為(wei)反饋信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)，反饋信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)與輸(shu)入(ru)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)一同輸(shu)入(ru)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)按照(zhao)預(yu)先寫(xie)好的(de)智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程序，對(dui)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)進行(xing)(xing)處(chu)理產生控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)，并傳輸(shu)到(dao)執行(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；最終由執行(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)將執行(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)到(dao)過程對(dui)象。
目前的智能控制器包含硬件和算法，硬件的核心主要是MCU（微控制器）芯片/DSP（數字信號處理技術）芯片。具體來看，MCU芯片把中央處理器的頻率與規格做適當縮減，并將內存、計數器、USB、A/D轉換、UART、PLC、DMA等周邊接口整合在單一芯片上，通過預先寫好的智能控制算法，對控制系統進行處理。MCU不是完成某一個單獨邏輯功能的芯片，而是把一個計算機系統集成到一個芯片上，相當于一臺微型計算機。DSP芯片是能夠實現數字信號處理技術的芯片，具有強大的數據處理能力和高運行速度。DSP芯片的內部采用程序和數據分開的哈佛結構，具有專門的硬件乘法器，可以用來快速地實現各種數字信號處理算法。DSP被廣泛應用于網絡設備、電力電子、工業控制、智能家居等行(xing)業(ye)，已成為通(tong)信、計算機、消費電子等領域的基(ji)礎器件。
據(ju)華(hua)經產業研(yan)究院數據(ju)，我國2020年(nian)智能控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)行業市(shi)(shi)場(chang)規模為23746億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，相較2015年(nian)的11748億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)凈增(zeng)長了12000億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)。2021年(nian)，中國智能控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)行業市(shi)(shi)場(chang)規模達到27790億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)左右，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)目(mu)前正(zheng)處于(yu)高速增(zeng)長階段。
