天線
為了滿足高速率、低延時、高可靠性的需求，5G對天線（發射端和接收端）提出了高要求。MIMO與Massive MIMO多天線技術利用大數定律，有效克服了信號衰落，提高了5G信號傳輸的效率，同時降低了傳輸成本，為5G的大規模推廣提供了可能。
根據天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)技術的(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)，可以(yi)分(fen)為(wei)陶瓷(ci)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、PCB天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、FPC天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、LDS天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、LCP天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，以(yi)及(ji)MPI天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。由(you)于(yu)5G要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縮小凈空區，使(shi)(shi)屏幕更靠近天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，市面(mian)上LCP天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)MPI天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)更具(ju)優勢。LCP天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由(you)液(ye)晶(jing)高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)聚(ju)合物（Liquid Crystal Polymer）制成(cheng)，具(ju)有高(gao)頻(pin)段低(di)損耗、介電常(chang)(chang)數穩定、密封性好的(de)(de)(de)優點，非(fei)常(chang)(chang)適(shi)合制造高(gao)頻(pin)器件(jian)。此(ci)外，LCP材料兼顧了(le)大容量傳輸和厚度較薄的(de)(de)(de)優勢，滿(man)(man)足天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)小型化的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，損耗因子(zi)小的(de)(de)(de)特點則滿(man)(man)足了(le)日益(yi)減(jian)少的(de)(de)(de)凈空間要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。但多層LCP天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制造難(nan)度很(hen)高(gao)，良品率高(gao)，制造成(cheng)本也相對較高(gao)。MPI天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是改(gai)進配方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)PI天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，其工藝基材配方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)進，使(shi)(shi)其在10GHz~15GHz的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)性能和LCP天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)差(cha)不多，且價格遠低(di)于(yu)LCP天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，很(hen)好地解決了(le)成(cheng)本問題。
根據使用場景，天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)基站(zhan)天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與終(zhong)端(duan)天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。終(zhong)端(duan)天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種類較(jiao)多，包括(kuo)了(le)通訊天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、Wi-Fi天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、NFC天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和藍牙天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等。安費諾(nuo)、Pulse和Molex為(wei)(wei)國外主要供應商。國內主要供應商有碩貝德、信(xin)維通信(xin)、瑞聲(sheng)科技(ji)、杰盛康和輝登等，其(qi)中(zhong)碩貝德和信(xin)維通信(xin)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)中(zhong)細分(fen)龍頭。
根據智研咨詢數據，近年(nian)(nian)來，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)不斷擴大，2016年(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)為(wei)215.45億(yi)元，到2020年(nian)(nian)達到490.62億(yi)元，2016-2020年(nian)(nian)CAGR為(wei)22.8%。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2020年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)終(zhong)端(duan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)為(wei)119.12億(yi)元，占比(bi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)整體天(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額為(wei)24.28%。預計2022年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)為(wei)505.02億(yi)元，按終(zhong)端(duan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)占比(bi)約25%的比(bi)例估算，2022年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)終(zhong)端(duan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)將為(wei)126.26億(yi)元。
5G周期隨著通信技(ji)術創新(xin)的大量涌現，網絡高頻(pin)化、前(qian)端模組化使得射頻(pin)器件數量和(he)價值量增加(jia)，促(cu)進5G射頻(pin)前(qian)端市場規模擴張。
射(she)頻前(qian)端(duan)(duan)是無(wu)線通信(xin)設備的一個核(he)心(xin)部(bu)件，是將(jiang)無(wu)線電磁(ci)波信(xin)號和二進制數字信(xin)號進行互相轉化的基礎部(bu)件。按(an)照(zhao)功(gong)能可(ke)分為發射(she)端(duan)(duan)（TX）和接收端(duan)(duan)（RX）；按(an)照(zhao)組(zu)成器(qi)(qi)件可(ke)分為功(gong)率放大器(qi)(qi)（PA）、低頻噪(zao)聲(sheng)放大器(qi)(qi)（LNA）、濾波器(qi)(qi)（Filters）、開關（Switches）、雙工器(qi)(qi)（Duplexes）和調諧器(qi)(qi)（Antenna Tuner）等。不同零部(bu)件功(gong)能為：
l 功(gong)率放大器負責發射通(tong)道的射頻信號的放大；
l 濾(lv)波(bo)器負(fu)責發射及接(jie)受信號的濾(lv)波(bo)；
l 低噪聲放大(da)器負(fu)責接受通道中的(de)小信號放大(da)；
l 射頻開關(guan)負責接受、發射通道之間的切換；
l 雙工(gong)器(qi)負責準(zhun)雙工(gong)切換、接受/發送(song)通(tong)道的射(she)頻信(xin)號(hao)濾波；
l 調諧器負責(ze)射頻信(xin)號的信(xin)道選擇(ze)、頻率變化和放大(da)。
近年來，全(quan)球(qiu)前端射(she)頻市場(chang)規模保持較快(kuai)增長態勢，根據(ju)QYR Electronic Research Center數(shu)據(ju)，2022年全(quan)球(qiu)射(she)頻前端市場(chang)規模將(jiang)達到272億美元(yuan)，同比增長15.25%。
2015-2023年全球(qiu)射頻(pin)前端市場規模及預測（億美元）
來(lai)源：QYR Electronic Research Center，摯物產業研究院整理
