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小基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是一種從產品形態(tai)、發(fa)射功(gong)率、覆蓋(gai)范圍(wei)等(deng)方面(mian)都比(bi)傳統宏基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小得多的低功(gong)率基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)設備(bei)。5G小基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)包括微基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、皮(pi)基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和飛(fei)(fei)基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。根據3GPP定(ding)義，微基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)功(gong)率為(wei)500mW-10W，同(tong)(tong)時接入(ru)(ru)用戶(hu)數(shu)為(wei)128-512個(ge)；皮(pi)基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)功(gong)率為(wei)100-500mW，同(tong)(tong)時接入(ru)(ru)用戶(hu)數(shu)為(wei)64-128個(ge)；飛(fei)(fei)基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)功(gong)率小于100mW，同(tong)(tong)時接入(ru)(ru)用戶(hu)數(shu)8-16個(ge)。微基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)偏(pian)向局域覆蓋(gai)，皮(pi)基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)相(xiang)當(dang)于企業級Wi-Fi，而飛(fei)(fei)基站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)則與家庭路由(you)器相(xiang)當(dang)。

 小基站分(fen)類及其性(xing)能和應用場景(jing)

來源：3GPP，摯物(wu)產業(ye)研究院整理

5G小基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)在5G的組網部(bu)署(shu)(shu)中(zhong)發揮重(zhong)要(yao)的輔助和補(bu)充作用，滿足“按(an)需(xu)部(bu)署(shu)(shu)”的網絡覆(fu)蓋需(xu)求。一方面，由(you)于5G工作的頻(pin)段較(jiao)高，較(jiao)4G基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)的覆(fu)蓋范圍小，需(xu)要(yao)小基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)搭配“補(bu)盲(mang)補(bu)熱”；另一方面，5G基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)總體部(bu)署(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)本高，如(ru)參照4G的覆(fu)蓋范圍來部(bu)署(shu)(shu)宏基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)將給運營商帶來較(jiao)大資金壓力。目(mu)前，5G小基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)產業鏈較(jiao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟，部(bu)署(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)本相(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)低，而(er)且(qie)小基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)發射功率小、形(xing)態靈活、部(bu)署(shu)(shu)簡(jian)便，可(ke)有效幫助解決5G網絡深度(du)覆(fu)蓋問題。同時，5G小基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)還可(ke)與(yu)MEC等(deng)技術相(xiang)(xiang)結合，為垂直行業提供更好(hao)的服務(wu)，因此小基(ji)(ji)(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)日益得到廣泛應用。

 2021-2027年中國5G小基(ji)站新建數量情況及(ji)預(yu)測（萬個(ge)）

來源：前瞻(zhan)產(chan)(chan)業研(yan)究院，摯物產(chan)(chan)業研(yan)究院整理(li)